Tingqua (Guan Lianchang) was one of the most prolific producers of Chinese souvenir paintings. The artist, along with his studio apprentices, created works that depicted a wide range of subject matter, such as deities, traditional ceremonies, decorative objects, flora and fauna, and picturesque landscapes. American traders bought a multitude of Tingqua artworks, many of which can now be found in museums and private collections around the United States.